A method of viewing or performing surgery on a joint (shoulder, knee, ankle, elbow, or wrist) by use of an arthroscope, which consists of a tube, lens, and a light source designed from fiber optics. Typically, this procedure is performed on the knee joint. A local or regional anesthetic is administered, and the area is cleaned with antiseptic soap. A pressure band may be applied to restrict blood flow. An incision is made above the joint and sterile fluid is introduced into the joint space to provide a better view. Next, a small incision is made on one side of the joint and the arthroscope is inserted. The inside of the joint may be viewed through the eyepiece or the image can be reproduced on a screen. The tube may be used to introduce fluid, remove floating bits of cartilage or bone, take a tissue biopsy, or perform minor surgery. The procedure is similar for the shoulder except for the band used to restrict blood flow. After the test, the joint will probably be stiff and sore for a few days. Slight activity(walking) can be resumed immediately, however excessive use of the joint may cause swelling, pain, and increase the chance of injury. Depending on the diagnosis, there may be other exercises or restrictions. Surgical and Exploratory Applications This procedure is performed when there is: Suspected ligament tear Damaged meniscus cartilage Evidence of bone fragments Joint pain from an injury Lesions or other problems detected by X-rays Joint disease A need for joint surgery
An arthroscopy can help monitor the progression of a disease or determine if a treatment is working. Special Considerations The diagnostic accuracy of an arthroscopy is about 95 to 98%, however, X-rays are typically taken first because they are a noninvasive. Ice is commonly recommended after the arthroscopy to help relieve swelling and pain. The incision made for inserting the arthroscope is very small, and stitches may not be required. If a bandage is applied, there may be instructions given for changing the dressing. Normal activity should not be resumed for several days or longer. Special preparations may need to be made concerning work and other responsibilities. Physical therapy may also be recommended. | 
